Archive for April, 2010

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Dr. Love’s Underwater Blog – Submarine Training: Day 3

Posted on April 6th, 2010 by Stanley Love

This morning the towers of downtown Vancouver, across Burrard Inlet from our hotel, were blurred with a grey veil of rain. No trouble, I thought. It rained yesterday and we got plenty of training done regardless. Rain is not really a threat to a submarine! But, crucially, the big rotating sign in the shape of a “Q” that marked the Lonsdale Quay marketplace was behaving oddly. Every once in a while its steady turning would stall, or even reverse for a few seconds.

The magnitude of the problem didn’t become apparent until we got out to the marine lab. The Canadian flag at the front of the building snapped madly and strained at its line. The sea was dark grey and spangled with whitecaps. Two-foot seas washed over the float where the support skiff was moored and interfered with each other near shore to make a high, sharp, chaotic chop. Sailboats in ones and twos, aborting cruise plans for the Easter weekend, struggled in the direction of the harbor under bare poles, pitching and plunging. Not a pretty day for nautical endeavors. (We found out later that it was the strongest windstorm in several years, with winds reaching 100 km/h. It dropped trees on power lines, cutting electricity to over 100,000 customers, and forced cancellation of some ferry service).

Our instructors didn’t like the look of things either. “Do you get seasick easily?” one of them asked me. Jeff was frowning at the idea of putting a sub under tow in the present sea state, if it should have a mechanical problem. For about an hour we stood around in our full raingear, watching the weather for signs of improvement. Our patience was not rewarded. If anything, it seemed to be getting worse–visibility dropping, sleet beginning to mix in with the rain. We began discussing how much submarine training we might be able to accomplish without having to court nausea and disaster by putting the vehicles in the water.

What we settled on was to call our sonar and manipulator work of the previous day sufficient and to devote our time today to the one system on the sub that we hadn’t touched yet: the video camera and recorder. It emerged that the video system works pretty much the same on land and in the water. Chris and I took turns sitting in DeepWorker #7, hatch closed to keep the rain out of the cockpit but resting securely on dry land, and working through the video controls. This was quickly done. Then we headed for the warmth and dryness of the lab for coffee and “Timbits” (evidently the Canadian word for donut holes). We had a relaxed discussion of all we’d learned. After that we exchanged a final round of thank-yous and handshakes, called our submarine driver certification complete, and parted company.

Thus ends Dr. Love’s underwater blog for now. It was a wonderful treat to drive the Deep Worker, and a much appreciated privilege to be allowed to do so, especially in the company of such excellent teachers and fellow students. For me this training trip was also a satisfying visit to the Pacific Coast. I was raised in Western Oregon, and any day when I get to see clouds caught in tall trees is a good one! The blog will resume this summer in a higher and less rainy environment, when I meet the DeepWorker submersible again for the Real Deal: the field season at Pavilion Lake.

-Stan

Dr. Love’s underwater blog – Submarine Training – Day 2

Posted on April 5th, 2010 by Stanley Love

The second day of sub training for Chris Hadfield and myself started out cold, grey, and blustery. On the drive out to the Canadian government fisheries research lab where we were conducting our training, I could see a fresh dusting of snow on the trees not very far up the mountains north of Vancouver. It must have fallen overnight. At sea level there was only rain, but there was a strong breeze from the southeast just beginning to raise a small swell and a few whitecaps out on the bay.

The first half of the training day was a walkthrough of emergency procedures with instructor Jeff Heaton, in the warmth and comfort of a small upstairs conference room at the lab. Jeff jokingly refers to this part of training as the “we’re all gonna die” lecture. Like a spacecraft, a submarine is a totally enclosed micro-environment surrounded by conditions that won’t support human life. In either type of vehicle, the most serious situations are those that interfere with life support functions. It is these cases that drive the need for step-by-step checklists to follow when things go wrong.

The designers of the DeepWorker understood the risks of operating underwater and built a very safe vehicle. The sub has multiple independent sources of breathing gas, and even a way to use the pilot’s own lungpower to operate the carbon dioxide scrubbers if there should be a problem with the electrically-driven fans. The sub can return to the surface via any one of three different methods even after a total loss of its electric thrusters. The only hazard that can’t be solved through design is getting stuck or entangled so that the sub can’t get back to the surface. The pilot has to rely on his or her own good judgment to avid that scenario.

After lunch, Chris and I climbed into our trusty submarines for an afternoon of practical work. Fortunately the wind had calmed down and the sea state remained unchallenging. We moved away from the dock, and descended to the bottom of the bay. Jeff talked us through a few emergency drills, step by step. We tried swapping to backup electrical power, using a strap-on mask to breathe through the CO2 scrubbers with the fans powered off, switching to an alternate oxygen supply, ascending to the surface using only the compressed-air ballast tank, and reacting to an imaginary fire in the cockpit. All of those exercises went smoothly.

For the next phase of the lesson, Chris and I spent some time trying to locate two sonar targets out in the bay. The morning’s wave action had stirred up the sediment so that the visibility was even worse than the day before. Jeff would give us a bearing and range to the target, and we’d stare at our sonar screens and try to determine which smeary, shifting blob of color was the sonar target. This was quite tough. Twice we homed in on each other’s submarine without intending to. Chris found a piece of PVC pipe. I was stalking a promising sonar target when it suddenly materialized out of the green gloom a meter in front of me: a huge, dark, towering mass festooned with waving snaky growths. What the heck?! Something out of an H. P. Lovecraft story? No, just an old wooden piling covered with foot-long tube worms. OK, there was some of the sea life I had wanted to observe.

Leaving the piling, I did have some success (with a lot of help from the surface) finding the two sonar targets and using my robot arm to grab them, pick them up, and move them to new locations. It feels like quite an accomplishment to find anything in such low visibility.

By the time the day ended, I’d completed a three-hour dive and was feeling very comfortable in the sub. I felt like I had a good grasp of the systems, and could get the machine to do what I wanted without undue effort. It’s a pleasant feeling.

Tomorrow we expect another half day in the sub, after which we’ll be certified drivers, ready to ply the calm, clear waters of Pavilion Lake!

-Stan

Soyuz Blasts Off in Kazakhstan – DeepWorker Dives in Vancouver

Posted on April 2nd, 2010 by Ben Cowie

Today was an exciting day in the world of space exploration! Here in Vancouver, it was day two of DeepWorker training with Chris and Stan, who searched through the murky waters of Burrard Inlet for sonar targets – but – halfway around the world, in Kazakhstan, the Russian space capsule Soyuz was preparing to blast off for the International Space Station with three astro/cosmonauts aboard! You can guess which event was more exciting to watch…

Soyuz blasts off in Kazakhstan (as viewed from the surface) - Photo: Scott Andrews/NASA

Deepworker in Action (as viewed from the surface) - Photo: Ben Cowie

After dinner in West Vancouver, we gathered around Chris’ laptop in the hotel to watch the Soyuz launch on NASA TV. American astronaut Tracy Caldwell Dyson (who is Chris’ neighbor in Houston!), was aboard with two Russian cosmonauts: Alexander Skvortsov and Mikhail Kornienko. Watching a human spaceflight with astronauts provides a very unique perspective about the procedures, nuances and stresses experienced during the flight. They could almost predict to the second when the booster rockets were to detach, when camera angles would switch, and when various communications with Moscow would occur – including a conversation with the Roscosmos presdient! Chris was also quick to point out the toy duck hanging above the pilot’s position that belongs to Alexander’s daughter. The duck acts as a gravity sensor, indicating when the vehicle has left Earth’s gravitational pull by floating away on its tether!

Tomorrow, Stan and Chris will become fully-certified as DeepWorker pilots, and I will depart from Vancouver. But, I will be back soon – the field season countdown clock is T-minus 122,942 minutes and counting!

- Ben

When it’s Pouring, the Best Place to be is Underwater

Posted on April 1st, 2010 by Chris Hadfield

April Fool’s Day in Vancouver, and the gray-black sky opened up. One of those cold pounding rains that makes you run in a crouch, hustling for cover. An umbrella-stealing rain. A rain that normally I wouldn’t go out in. But today I was splashing around and loving it, inches from the wet yet bizarrely dry, happily learning to pilot a DeepWorker one-person submarine.

Stan (the other student sub pilot) and I got to the West Van docks around 9 AM. Mike and the 2 Jeffs from Nuytco already had the subs ready, sleek and black with hatches open.

We had a classroom session on emergency procedures, what to do in case of fire, water leak, air leak, etc. We had sandwiches while Jeff told stories of using the subs to retrieve wrecks and bodies. We put on an extra layer of socks against the chill, climbed into our DeepWorkers feeling like race car drivers, and helped close the hatches. Kyle the crane operator smoothly lifted me first, up and clear, over and down the long pilings of the pier, into the cold green water of Burrard Inlet. Jeff in a dry suit unhooked me, carefully keeping his hands warm out of the water, and finally I got to the real work of the day – emergency drills, and sonar practice.

Before you submerge, the subs float where you see half sky and half sea. Today that was gray over green, and a little choppy, making the sub roll. As I sit and type this tonight I can still feel the slow roll of the sub in the water.

Gray over Green, from the surface of Burrard Inlet - Photo: Chris Hadfield

I confirmed by the little white radio microphone draped across my neck that my sub (‘DeepWorker 6’) was healthy, and got permission from Mike to dive. A reach down to the right to let water into the flotation tank, a sudden rush of white bubbles up the right side of the canopy, and magically I was back in another world. Somehow like slipping into oblivion.

Slipping into the green oblivion - Photo: Chris Hadfield

Burrard Inlet is a bad place to dive, with bits of stuff floating in the water, terrible visibility, and the bottom mostly gravel, rock, muck and the occasional pop can. I stared intently into the thick green fog, straining to see anything, but most of the time I barely saw the cloud of mud billow up just as I bumped into the bottom.

The main noise was from the 4 little propellers that moved me around. I steered with my feet, and the harder I pushed, the louder the noise and the faster I turned and went. I had to let up on the gas to hear Mike on the radio, as we went through the emergency drills. It was all pretty common sense stuff – if something’s leaking shut it off, if the air is bad use a mask, if water’s getting in head for the surface. Everybody was happy, and we got on to sonar work.

It was weird to pull the computer tablet out into my lap and have the Windows home screen there with me underwater. A few switch throws and the sonar display came up, replacing the green hill/blue sky with a multi-coloured radar scope. Mike and the Jeffs put targets into the water, and off I went, on a hunt.

Sonar display in DeepWorker: so near, and yet, so far - Photo: Chris Hadfield

I’m a poor sonar operator. Mostly the display looked to me like psychedelic ink blots. Jeff radioed me headings and distances, and once in a while I imagined I saw something on the sonar screen that matched. I tried driving fast to avoid drift, I tried slow and careful on heading, I tried up high near the surface, and I tried down by the bottom. Mostly I just drove where Jeff told me, and 3 times I found the sonar target suddenly looming out of the murk. I also found a piece of PVC pipe that I decided to pick up with the robot arm, clumsy on my first try with that. It uses a joy stick in my right hand, tipping and rolling it to move the arm joints, pulling the trigger to open and close the jaws. I got the pipe clamped on my 2nd try, and raised it high like a skinny algae-covered Olympic torch for the rest of the dive.

PVC Pipe, just like the Olympic Torch - Photo: Chris Hadfield

Jeff called and said it was 4:30, time to head back. I decided my prize PVC pipe would smell bad above water and let it go, and then pushed hard on my left heel to climb to the surface. As I broke into daylight I pulled a lever to fill the buoyancy tank with air, and then trundled over on the surface to where Jeff floated with the lifting hook. Kyle hauled me out and set my on the deck, still wet with rain. I did the last of the checks with Mike on the radio, opened the hatch, took off my warm socks, and climbed back out into the other, non-sub-piloting world.

When it’s April Fool’s Day and pouring rain, I recommend being underwater.

- Chris